Gallbladder stones, or gallstones, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in the gallbladder.
Treatment depends on the size of the stones, their location, and whether they are causing symptoms or
complications.
Below are the treatment options for gallstones:
1. No Treatment (Watchful Waiting)
- If gallstones are asymptomatic (not causing symptoms), treatment may not be necessary.
- Regular monitoring is recommended to check for changes or the onset of symptoms.
2. Medications
- Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodiol):
- Helps dissolve small cholesterol-based gallstones.
- Often used for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
- Requires long-term treatment and is not always effective.
3. Lifestyle Modifications
- Dietary Changes:
- Avoid high-fat and high-cholesterol foods.
- Increase fiber intake with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Maintain a healthy weight and avoid rapid weight loss, which can trigger gallstone formation.
4. Non-Surgical Interventions
These methods are less common and are generally used for patients who cannot undergo surgery:
- Shock Wave Lithotripsy:
- Uses sound waves to break gallstones into smaller pieces that can pass naturally.
- Suitable for a small number of cholesterol stones.
- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP):
- Used to remove stones that have moved into the bile ducts.
- A minimally invasive procedure using an endoscope.
5. Surgery
Surgery is the most common and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones.
a. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy:
- Minimally invasive procedure to remove the gallbladder.
- Small incisions are made, and a camera is used to guide the surgery.
- Patients typically recover quickly and can resume normal activities within a week.
b. Open Cholecystectomy:
- Performed when laparoscopic surgery is not possible (e.g., due to severe infection, large stones, or complications).
- Requires a larger incision and has a longer recovery time.
6. Treatment for Complications
If gallstones cause complications like inflammation or infection, additional treatments may be required:
- Acute Cholecystitis:
- Requires immediate treatment, including antibiotics, pain management, and possible emergency gallbladder removal.
- Bile Duct Obstruction:
- Treated with ERCP to remove stones from the bile duct.
- Pancreatitis:
- Managed with supportive care, including hospitalization, pain management, and addressing the underlying cause.
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention
- Severe and persistent pain in the upper right abdomen or back.
- Fever, chills, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
- Nausea and vomiting that does not subside.
The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the type of gallstones, and the patient’s overall health. Surgery is the most effective solution for symptomatic gallstones or complications, while medications and lifestyle changes are viable options for asymptomatic or mild cases. Always consult a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Palium Healthcare is an initiative of Palium Foundation
and is established with the objective of helping children, adolescents,
adults and elderly to deal with health challenges. Our professionals
strive to provide excellent treatment at affordable cost.
